Curated Knowledge Base

Policy & Governance Resources

A curated library of frameworks, regulatory documents, case studies, and academic work the author endorses as worthwhile reading for readers of the paper.

Type All Regulatory Framework Templates Technical Standard Case Study Academic
Topic All Employment EU Regulation Financial Services Governance, Risk & Compliance Healthcare Legal & Liability Public Sector US Regulation
Case Study The AI Accountability Principle

Germany: Court Rules Chatbot Operators Liable for AI Hallucinations

A German court (OLG Hamm, May 2026) held a company liable for its own AI chatbot’s misleading answers — the chatbot is corporate communication, like an employee’s statement. Accountability for AI output flows to the deploying organization.

Topic · Legal & Liability

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Case Study The AI Accountability Principle

Germany: Court Holds Google Liable for Incorrect AI Overviews

A German court (Munich, May 2026) held Google directly liable for false statements in its AI Overviews — the AI summary is content attributable to the company. A fresh marker that organizations own their AI’s output.

Topic · Legal & Liability

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Case Study The AI Accountability Principle

AI in Litigation: Gen-AI Sanctions Update (2026)

A 2026 update on U.S. court sanctions for AI-hallucinated filings — courts uniformly reject “the AI did it”; the responsible attorney owns every citation regardless of the tool. The accountability principle enforced through 2026.

Topic · Legal & Liability

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Case Study The AI Accountability Principle

AI Hallucinations in Court Filings: A 2025 Review of Sanctions

A 2025 survey of court sanctions for AI-fabricated citations, documenting how repeatedly judges reject the “the AI made the mistake” defense — the accountability principle enforced in practice.

Topic · Legal & Liability

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Case Study

Moffatt v. Air Canada (2024)

A tribunal held the company liable for its chatbot’s inaccurate information — establishing that organizations own what their AI tells customers.

Topic · Legal & Liability

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Case Study

Mata v. Avianca (S.D.N.Y. 2023)

The landmark sanctions case where attorneys filed ChatGPT-fabricated citations — the canonical cautionary tale on unverified generative output in professional work.

Topic · Legal & Liability

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